$$\text{Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a physical barrier and regulates selective permeability.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the sodium-potassium pump activity in primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$3\mathrm{Na}^+_{in} + 2\mathrm{K}^+_{out} \rightarrow 3\mathrm{Na}^+_{out} + 2\mathrm{K}^+_{in}$$

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins that are destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A cell is observed to have an abundance of peroxisomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Because charged or polar solutes cannot pass through the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

During osmosis, water moves across the plasma membrane. Which equation best describes the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged in shape and volume

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and maintains fluidity.

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from an existing gradient.

Question 14

Which of the following cellular extensions increases surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digest foreign substances and damaged organelles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the movement of glucose into a cell via facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves glucose down its concentration gradient with the help of a carrier protein.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a basic cellular function?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why negatively charged proteins are trapped inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane.

Cell Structure and Function: Chapter 3 Study Notes

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