Question 1

According to the cell theory, which statement best explains the principle of complementarity in relation to cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their structure, meaning anatomy determines physiology.

Question 2

Which four elements make up the majority of cellular composition in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or use within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through breakdown of food and oxygen

Question 6

Which type of cell junction prevents substances from passing between cells, forming leakproof sheets?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 7

Facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins or channels but no ATP

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A nerve cell (neuron) is specialized for which primary function?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting messages to other body structures

Question 10

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is abundant in phagocytic cells such as macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

What is the main difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires ATP, while passive transport does not.

Question 12

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 13

Which cellular structure is responsible for directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 14

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water gain.

Question 15

Which process involves the cell actively engulfing large particles, such as bacteria, by forming a vesicle around them?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid metabolism and detoxification

Question 18

Which type of cell is specialized for storing nutrients in the form of lipid droplets?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte (fat cell)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in intracellular transport and help maintain cell shape.

Question 20

Which process is used by cells to secrete hormones and neurotransmitters by merging vesicles with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Cell Structure and Function: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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