Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack microfilaments. Which cellular function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell structure and movement

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and synthesizing lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 7

A patient’s cells are unable to break down hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.

Question 9

If a cell’s ribosomes are damaged, which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins before they are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

During cell division, which structure is responsible for organizing spindle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cells are small and have a high surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

To increase the rate of waste removal and nutrient uptake

Question 14

Which process requires ATP to move substances across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell with a double membrane, its own DNA, and the ability to produce ATP. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of rRNA and protein.

Question 17

Which equation best describes the volume of a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Question 18

Which organelle is most directly involved in the breakdown and recycling of cellular waste using enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size as water moves in and out equally.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about passive movement across membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances from high concentration to low concentration without energy input.

Cell Structure and Function: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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