Q: Which equation best represents the movement of ions during primary active transport?

$$\text{Ion}_{\text{low}} + \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{Ion}_{\text{high}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A semi-fluid bilayer of phospholipids with proteins floating throughout, held together by their relationship with water.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between solute concentration and water concentration during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{water} \propto \frac{1}{C_{solute}}$$

Question 4

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for ions or water?

Accepted Answer

Integral transmembrane protein

Question 5

A cell in the heart muscle is subjected to great mechanical stress. Which cell junction is most important for maintaining tissue integrity under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Desmosome

Question 6

Which process requires ATP to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

A glucose molecule is too large to pass through membrane channels. Which transport mechanism will move it into the cell without using energy?

Accepted Answer

Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Serves as an identification marker for cell recognition

Question 9

During secondary active transport, which ion gradient is most commonly used to drive the transport of other molecules into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water diffuses to balance solute concentrations across the membrane.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the movement of ions during primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ion}_{	ext{low}} + 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{Ion}_{	ext{high}}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 13

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to its volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged.

Question 14

Which type of cell junction allows the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 15

Which process involves the cell membrane surrounding a solid particle and bringing it into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about passive transport is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

Question 17

A hormone is released from a cell by merging a vesicle with the plasma membrane. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of tight junctions in epithelial cells lining the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

They prevent fluids and most molecules from moving between cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control what enters and leaves the cell?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of filtration as a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes across capillary walls in the kidney

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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