$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]}$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging proteins and fats and shipping them to other parts of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fats and lipids pass through easily, whereas water-soluble molecules have difficulty.

Question 4

Which type of membrane transport requires energy from ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A patient has a genetic mutation that affects the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Sodium would accumulate inside the cell and potassium outside the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following junctions allows small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 7

What is the main function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Generation of ATP

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

There is a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell and sodium outside.

Question 9

Which of the following cellular extensions is responsible for moving substances over the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which process will most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis will cause water to move out of the cell.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are small, localized changes in membrane potential.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Provide strong adhesion between cells to resist mechanical stress

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are all-or-none and unidirectional.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding potassium leakage channels?

Accepted Answer

They allow potassium to leak out of the cell constantly.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Transport of water-soluble substances through protein channels or carriers

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Contains DNA and proteins called histones

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They prevent fluids from moving between cells, keeping the cell layer water-tight.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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