Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a generalized cell?

Accepted Answer

It separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for forming the bilayer structure?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of integral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Transporting molecules across the membrane

Question 5

Which equation correctly expresses osmotic activity in terms of solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$C = \frac{n}{V}$$, where $$C is $$concentration, $$n is $$the number of moles of solute, and $$V is $$the volume$

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport substances across the membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane by wedging between phospholipid tails.

Question 8

A solution contains 1 molar NaCl and 1 molar CaCl$$_2. $$How many osmoles are present in total?

Accepted Answer

$$4 	ext{ osmoles}$$

Question 9

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 10

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Forming the lipid bilayer

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a sugar covering that provides cell recognition and adhesion.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cytosol in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It is the fluid inside the cell that contains organelles and dissolved substances.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of molecules by diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The greater the concentration of molecules, the greater the rate of diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the movement of water into a solution.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water moves by osmosis from one side of a membrane to the other?

Accepted Answer

Water moves toward the side with higher solute concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about channel-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses transmembrane proteins to allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane.

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution with lower osmolarity than its cytoplasm. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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