Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 5

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the product of translation?

Accepted Answer

A polypeptide (protein)

Question 8

Which of the following is a hydrophobic component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid tails of phospholipids

Question 9

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following is a type of vesicular transport that moves substances out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the net reaction of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells often originate in tissues with rapidly dividing cells?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly dividing cells have more opportunities for DNA replication errors, increasing mutation risk.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste and foreign material

Question 16

Which of the following is true about passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the concentration gradient and does not require energy input.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moving from the soil into plant roots

Question 19

Which of the following best describes metastasis in cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells spread to distant tissues via blood or lymphatic vessels.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Cell Structure, Function, and Processes: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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