Q: Which equation best represents the relationship for net movement of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?

$$J = P \times (C_{out} - C_{in})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a security gate, controlling what enters and exits the cell, and separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF).

Question 2

The plasma membrane is primarily constructed from a phospholipid bilayer. Which statement correctly describes the orientation of the phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward the water, and hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 3

Selective permeability of the plasma membrane depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Number of mitochondria in the cell

Question 4

Which analogy best matches the function of the cytoskeleton within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding

Question 5

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S (Synthesis)

Question 6

A scientist observes chromosomes lined up in the middle of a cell. Which stage of mitosis is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

If a cell is placed in a solution with a much higher concentration of solutes outside than inside, which transport process would be required to move solutes into the cell against the concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores DNA and directs protein building through RNA.

Question 10

During cytokinesis, what is the final result?

Accepted Answer

Two identical daughter cells are formed.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of organelles within the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Providing a framework for cell shape and movement

Question 12

If a mutation disrupts the nuclear envelope, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protection and regulation of DNA within the nucleus

Question 13

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the formation of new nuclei and relaxation of chromosomes back to chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane with increased permeability to sodium ions. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions will move freely into and out of the cell, potentially disrupting cellular homeostasis.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship for net movement of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = P 	imes (C_{out} - C_{in})$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'sandwich'?

Accepted Answer

Because the hydrophilic heads are on the outside (like bread) and the hydrophobic tails are in the middle (like filling).

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for making organelles and performing daily cellular tasks?

Accepted Answer

G1 (Gap 1)

Question 18

If a cell fails to duplicate its centrioles during the G2 phase, which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and RNA?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus makes RNA to direct protein building.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have two identical daughter cells after division. Which process has just occurred?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis following mitosis

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Cell Cycle: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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