Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in separating intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its fluidity and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and breakdown of cellular waste

Question 7

Which structure is composed of a double membrane with pores that regulate the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Question 8

Which of the following is a hydrophobic component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid tails of phospholipids

Question 9

Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

A cell uses the Na/K pump to maintain its internal environment. What is the correct stoichiometry of ions moved per cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out, $$2 \mathrm{K}^+ in$$

Question 11

Which of the following factors would increase the permeability of a cell membrane to a particular solute?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of channel proteins specific for that solute

Question 12

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which process describes the engulfment of large particles or microorganisms by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein

Question 16

A red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size and shape.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 18

Which process is used by cells to release large molecules, such as hormones, to the extracellular environment?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 20

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which direction will water move, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cellular Physiology: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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