$$3Na^+_{\text{inside}} + 2K^+_{\text{outside}} + ATP \rightarrow 3Na^+_{\text{outside}} + 2K^+_{\text{inside}} + ADP + P_i$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP through cellular respiration in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and swell (lysis).

Question 3

Which tissue type is responsible for conducting electrical impulses in the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 4

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the sodium-potassium pump involved in active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$3Na^+_{	ext{inside}} + 2K^+_{	ext{outside}} + ATP ightarrow 3Na^+_{	ext{outside}} + 2K^+_{	ext{inside}} + ADP + P_i$$

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

It requires specific transport proteins to move molecules across the membrane.

Question 7

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A patient’s cells are unable to break down cellular debris and waste materials. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which type of tissue provides support, binds, and protects organs, and includes bone, blood, and adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution’s effect on a cell?

Accepted Answer

No net water movement; cell remains the same size

Question 11

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

Which type of molecules can pass easily through the cell membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules

Question 13

Which tissue type is responsible for movement, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 14

Which organelle contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 15

Which process describes the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenation).

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Conducting electrical impulses

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

It contains organelles and cytosol, providing a medium for cellular processes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering cells through GLUT transporters

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Tissue Types: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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