IndietroCells and Tissues: Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology
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Cell Diversity
Types and Functions
Human body contains over 200 different cell types, each specialized for specific functions.
Connective Cells: Fibroblasts, blood cells.
Covering Cells: Epithelial cells.
Movement Cells: Muscle cells.
Storage Cells: Fat cells.
Defense Cells: Macrophages.
Communication Cells: Nerve cells.
Reproduction Cells: Sperm and egg cells.
Cell Physiology
Basic Functions
Metabolism
Growth
Movement
Response to stimuli
Membrane Transport
Overview
Membrane transport refers to the movement of substances across the plasma membrane, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Types of Membrane Transport
Passive Transport: Does not require cellular energy (ATP).
Active Transport: Requires energy input from the cell.
Passive Transport Mechanisms
Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of substances via protein channels or carriers.
Active Transport Mechanisms
Solute Pumps: Move substances against concentration gradients using ATP.
Bulk Transport: Includes endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis) and exocytosis.
Membrane Transport Table
Type | Energy Required? | Direction | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
Simple Diffusion | No | High to Low | Oxygen, CO2 |
Osmosis | No | High to Low (water) | Water |
Facilitated Diffusion | No | High to Low | Glucose, ions |
Active Transport | Yes | Low to High | Na+/K+ pump |
Endocytosis | Yes | Into cell | Phagocytosis, pinocytosis |
Exocytosis | Yes | Out of cell | Secretion of hormones |
