Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce most of the cell's ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for secretion

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2) $$into water and oxygen, and what enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome; catalase

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during cell division

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why compartmentalization by membranes is crucial for eukaryotic cell function?

Accepted Answer

It enables different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously without interference.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome: Synthesis of proteins

Question 8

During protein synthesis, which sequence of events is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, which is then translated into protein by ribosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The code is redundant, meaning multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of the Golgi apparatus. Which of the following cellular processes would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins for secretion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of certain chemicals and synthesis of lipids

Question 13

A cell is unable to produce catalase. Which of the following would most likely accumulate in the cell as a result?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2)$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes can be found both free in the cytosol and bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use within the cell, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export or for membranes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the pathway of a secretory protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 16

A cell is observed to have an extensive cytoskeleton. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome subunit assembly.

Question 18

If a cell's lysosomal membrane becomes leaky, which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will digest itself through autolysis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin consists of DNA and associated proteins in a loose arrangement within the nucleus.

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of the Golgi apparatus. Which of the following would most likely be observed as a result?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of unmodified proteins in the rough ER

Cells: The Living Units – Cytoplasm and Organelles (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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