Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes that water moves across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship that determines the resting membrane potential in most cells?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes ATP for cellular energy

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of worn-out organelles and foreign substances

Question 6

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of desmosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together, providing mechanical strength.

Question 10

Which process involves the movement of large particles into the cell by engulfing them with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances using enzymes such as oxidases and catalases

Question 12

Which statement about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

Its outer membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that can move laterally.

Question 14

Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

A cell is observed to have many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these cilia?

Accepted Answer

Moving substances across the cell surface

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin consists of DNA, histone proteins, and RNA chains.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

They attach cells to extracellular molecules and help cells migrate and interact with their environment.

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the movement of sodium ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, and what energy source does it use?

Accepted Answer

Active transport using ATP

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can you infer about the cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is likely involved in high levels of energy production.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Cells: The Living Units – Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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