Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in cells?

Accepted Answer

The biochemical functions of cells are dictated by the shape of the cell and specific subcellular structures.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a flexible outer boundary, cytoplasm, and a central structure containing DNA. Which three basic parts of a human cell are being described?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why there are over 250 different types of human cells?

Accepted Answer

Each cell type has a unique combination of size, shape, and subcellular components that lead to differences in function.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; lysis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane stability.

Question 7

A patient receives an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect will this have on their red blood cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

No net movement of water; the solution is isotonic to the cells.

Question 8

Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for catalyzing sequential steps of a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic proteins

Question 9

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 10

Which equation correctly relates osmolarity ($$Osm) to $$molarity ($$M) $$and the number of particles ($$n) a $$solute dissociates into?

Accepted Answer

$$Osm = M 	imes n$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in tissues subjected to mechanical stress, such as the skin?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together and help resist tearing.

Question 12

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, increasing its volume. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic relative to the cell cytoplasm.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a specific biological marker for cell recognition

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in crenation of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Placing cells in a solution with higher osmolarity than the cytoplasm

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier or channel protein but does not require energy.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water can move through the plasma membrane even though it is polar?

Accepted Answer

Water is small enough to pass through the lipid bilayer and also moves through aquaporins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another.

Question 20

A solution contains 1 M NaCl. What is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ Osm}$$

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Diversity, and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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