Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest units that carry out life's essential physiological functions.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

What is the main function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

To act as a barrier to ions and water-soluble compounds

Question 4

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink due to water leaving the cell

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It decreases membrane fluidity and permeability.

Question 6

Which type of transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Break down and recycle damaged organelles and cellular components

Question 8

Which of the following organelles contains enzymes that neutralize hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication and protection

Question 11

A mutation in a gene that codes for a membrane channel protein could most directly affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 13

Which equation best represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J_{water} = -P (C_{water,inside} - C_{water,outside})$$

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in, using ATP.

Question 15

Which process involves the engulfment of solid particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Produce energy in the form of ATP

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport of molecules through carrier proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of a cell losing its ability to regulate the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division leading to cancer

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Each codon consists of three bases and codes for one amino acid.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages secretions for release from the cell

Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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