Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of large molecules into and out of the nucleus.

Question 2

A cell is observed to have an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and steroid hormone synthesis

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate undigested waste and damaged organelles.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP via aerobic respiration.

Question 6

A patient is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of catalase in peroxisomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide $$ (H_2O_2)  in $$the cell

Question 7

Which of the following structures is NOT surrounded by a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

During which process do histones play a critical role in gene regulation by allowing DNA to 'unravel' for transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 9

A researcher observes a cell with a high number of nucleoli. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is actively synthesizing ribosomal RNA.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They serve as tracks for motor proteins to transport organelles and vesicles.

Question 11

A cell is unable to detoxify drugs and neutralize free radicals. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of proteins destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$ \rightarrow $$ Golgi apparatus $$ \rightarrow $$ transport vesicle $$ \rightarrow $$ plasma membrane

Question 13

A muscle cell requires rapid release and uptake of calcium ions for contraction. Which organelle is most specialized for this function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lysosomes maintain an acidic internal environment?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the activity of digestive enzymes that function optimally at low pH

Question 15

A cell is observed to have defective microtubule motor proteins (such as kinesins and dyneins). Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of vesicles along cytoskeletal tracks

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for delivery to specific cellular locations

Question 17

A cell is exposed to a drug that disrupts the formation of nucleosomes. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Packaging of DNA within the nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the outer nuclear membrane and the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the rough ER and shares ribosomes.

Question 19

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Which organelle is primarily responsible for digesting the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why peroxisomes contain both oxidases and catalases?

Accepted Answer

Oxidases generate hydrogen peroxide $$ (H_2O_2) $$ during detoxification, and catalases convert $$ H_2O_2  to $$water to prevent cellular damage.

Cellular Organelles: Structure and Function (BIOL 2401, Chapter 3)

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