Question 1

Which of the following best describes the cellular level in the hierarchy of structural organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is the level where organelles and cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Question 2

According to cell theory, which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP via aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst as water enters.

Question 5

Which of the following membrane transport processes requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 6

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and transport of proteins for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 7

Which type of cell junction acts as a 'Velcro' to anchor cells together and help them resist tearing forces?

Accepted Answer

Desmosome

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble molecules can easily cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic in its core, allowing lipid-soluble substances to diffuse.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} pump?

Accepted Answer

It is an antiporter that moves sodium out and potassium in, using ATP.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as free radicals

Question 14

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a receptor for signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 16

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles by pseudopods, forming a vesicle called a phagosome?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition.

Question 18

Which equation best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 20

Which cellular extension increases surface area for absorption and contains a core of actin microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Cellular Structure and Function: The Living Units (Chapter 3 Study Notes)

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