Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via carrier proteins without energy expenditure.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing cellular swelling due to water influx. Which type of solution is most likely surrounding the patient's cells?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During active transport, which equation best represents the energy requirement for moving ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \right) + zF\Delta \Psi $$

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against the gradient using energy.

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink due to water leaving the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oxygen diffuses rapidly across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small nonpolar molecule that can pass directly through the lipid bilayer.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and swell.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for cellular use

Question 11

Which equation best describes the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ J = -D \frac{dC}{dx} $$

Question 12

Which of the following cellular structures is most directly involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 13

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain its resting membrane potential. Which of the following best describes the action of this pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Question 16

A cell is exposed to cyanide, which inhibits mitochondrial function. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the passive movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a process by which cells engulf external substances by forming vesicles.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why glucose requires a transporter to cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large polar molecule that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer without assistance.

Cellular Transport Mechanisms and Tissue Types in Anatomy & Physiology

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