Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate sensory information and motor output

Question 2

Functional MRI (fMRI) is used to study brain function by detecting changes in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Blood oxygenation levels in response to neural activity

Question 3

Which area of the brain is most active during speech and language processing, as shown in fMRI studies?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Question 4

The meninges are protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 5

Which space between the meningeal layers contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 6

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by which structure within the brain ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

A patient presents with inflammation of the meninges, fever, and neck stiffness. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Question 9

Which supporting cell of the central nervous system functions as a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 10

The white matter of the brain gets its appearance from the fatty insulation of which cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

Which structure(s) of a neuron do oligodendrocytes surround in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Axons only

Question 12

A blockage in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can lead to increased intracranial pressure and brain damage. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

Accepted Answer

$$CPP = MAP - ICP$$

Question 14

Which layer of the meninges is directly attached to the surface of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the brain requires a constant supply of oxygen and glucose?

Accepted Answer

Neurons have a high metabolic rate and limited energy storage

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses between neurons

Question 17

Which of the following statements about gray matter and white matter in the CNS is correct?

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons

Question 18

A patient with bacterial meningitis is most at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Permanent hearing loss

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the arachnoid villi?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the venous system

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of understanding the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Designing drugs that can cross into the CNS to treat neurological diseases

Central Nervous System: Brain – Structure, Function, and Protection

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