Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid communication, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting effects.

Question 2

Which of the following is a similarity between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

Both systems regulate homeostasis by communicating with target cells.

Question 3

Which term describes a cell that has receptors for a specific hormone and responds to that hormone?

Accepted Answer

Target cell

Question 4

Which of the following best defines a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A chemical messenger released by endocrine glands that travels through the bloodstream to affect distant target cells.

Question 5

Which gland is considered to have the highest level of endocrine control due to its role in regulating other glands?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

A patient with Type 1 diabetes is unable to produce insulin. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas fails to produce insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts on the liver to increase glucose production?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sympathetic stress response?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated by the adrenal medulla and involves the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine for rapid, short-term effects.

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and testosterone production?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and helps regulate sodium and potassium balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the thyroid gland and increases metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and decreases blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 18

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth and cell division?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

It is characterized by insulin resistance in target cells, often associated with obesity.

Chapter 10: The Endocrine System – Guided Study Notes

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