$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate body activities by transmitting electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages the dorsal root. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery to the CNS

Question 3

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the meninges that protect the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$$

Question 5

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

A patient presents with impaired voluntary movement and difficulty initiating motor commands. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Basal nuclei

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

It provides nutrients and removes waste from the CNS, cushions the brain and spinal cord, and maintains chemical stability

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 10

A patient has a tumor compressing the ventral root of the spinal cord. Which symptom is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis of muscles innervated by the affected root

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It restricts passage of harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to enter the brain

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as applied to neuronal membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$I = V \div R$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of the extracellular environment and support of the blood-brain barrier

Question 14

A patient is unable to distinguish between hot and cold stimuli on their skin. Which pathway is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Spinothalamic tract

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in synaptic transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrival, neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor activation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the cerebellum in movement?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates and fine-tunes motor activity for smooth, precise movements

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the integration of neural information?

Accepted Answer

Integration involves processing and combining sensory inputs to produce appropriate motor outputs

Question 19

A patient with damage to the hypothalamus is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted homeostasis, such as abnormal body temperature or hunger regulation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the CNS in processing sensory stimuli?

Accepted Answer

It receives, integrates, and interprets sensory information before generating a response

Chapter 11: Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Integration

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