Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.0. Based on the normal range for blood pH, how would you classify this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis, since blood pH is below 7.35

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A patient with liver disease has a deficiency in fibrinogen. Which physiological process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the fate of old red blood cells (RBCs) in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are broken down in the spleen, and iron is recycled.

Question 6

Erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell formation, is primarily stimulated by which hormone, and what triggers its release?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, released in response to low oxygen levels

Question 7

A person with type B negative blood receives type AB positive blood. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination due to anti-A and anti-D antibodies attacking donor antigens

Question 8

Which of the following best defines an antigen in the context of blood typing?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate found on the surface of red blood cells that determines blood type

Question 9

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions, and why?

Accepted Answer

O negative, because it lacks A, B, and D antigens

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why agglutination occurs during an incompatible blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies in the recipient's plasma bind to antigens on donor RBCs, causing clumping

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes white blood cells (WBCs) from red blood cells (RBCs)?

Accepted Answer

WBCs contain hemoglobin; RBCs do not

Question 12

Arrange the following white blood cells in order from most to least abundant in normal blood, and identify the one primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils; neutrophils

Question 13

A patient has a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Which process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the three phases of hemostasis in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 15

Which vitamin is essential for erythropoiesis, and what is its primary role?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12; necessary for DNA synthesis in developing RBCs

Question 16

After tissue healing, what typically happens to the blood clot formed during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It is dissolved by plasmin in a process called fibrinolysis

Question 17

Which pathway of coagulation is triggered by tissue damage and the release of tissue factor (TF)?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 18

A laboratory test shows a patient has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma, but no A, B, or D antigens on their RBCs. What is this person's blood type?

Accepted Answer

O negative

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the clotting process by forming a temporary plug

Question 20

A patient with a genetic deficiency in globulins would most likely experience problems with which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Immune response

Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System – Blood (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard