$$TRH \rightarrow TSH \rightarrow TH \rightarrow \text{inhibition of TRH and TSH}$$

$$\text{Glucagon} \rightarrow \text{Glycogenolysis} + \text{Gluconeogenesis} \rightarrow \uparrow \text{Blood Glucose}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating cellular metabolism and energy balance

Question 2

How does the mechanism of control differ between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones for slow, long-lasting effects throughout the body.

Question 3

Which of the following is a water-soluble hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism by which lipid-soluble hormones exert their effects?

Accepted Answer

Direct activation of genes via intracellular receptors

Question 5

Which equation best represents the negative feedback regulation of thyroid hormone release?

Accepted Answer

$$TRH ightarrow TSH ightarrow TH ightarrow 	ext{inhibition of TRH and TSH}$$

Question 6

A patient presents with an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and low metabolic rate. Which is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lack of dietary iodine leading to unusable colloid accumulation

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels and acts to lower calcium?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating insulin release from the pancreas

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 10

A patient with Cushing's syndrome is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose and muscle wasting

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Promotes glucose uptake into cells, lowering blood glucose

Question 13

Which equation represents the effect of glucagon on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucagon} ightarrow 	ext{Glycogenolysis} + 	ext{Gluconeogenesis} ightarrow \uparrow 	ext{Blood Glucose}$$

Question 14

A patient with diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

Question 15

Which hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and is involved in water retention?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 16

Which of the following is a result of excessive insulin secretion (insulinism)?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 17

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth in bones and muscles?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the action of water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to plasma membrane receptors and activate second-messenger systems.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the process of gluconeogenesis stimulated by glucagon?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucagon} + 	ext{Amino Acids} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a neuroendocrine organ that produces releasing and inhibitory hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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