Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference in signal transmission between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for fast, targeted responses, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slow, widespread effects.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle spasms and seizures ('claw hand'). Blood tests reveal low calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing insulin secretion.

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

Question 6

A patient with Addison's disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, low blood pressure, and low sodium

Question 7

Which of the following hormones is produced by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to plasma membrane receptors and activate second messenger systems such as $$cAMP.$$

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 11

A patient with excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 12

Which hormone is released in response to high blood sodium and promotes sodium excretion and water loss?

Accepted Answer

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine uptake → thyroglobulin synthesis → coupling of iodinated tyrosines → storage in colloid → release upon TSH stimulation

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response and is released from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation in females?

Accepted Answer

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a paracrine signaling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A chemical messenger acts on neighboring cells within the same tissue.

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of excess thyroid hormone (T3/T4) secretion?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, heat intolerance, and increased metabolism

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Major Glands, Hormones, and Functional Overview

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