Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation due to its smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing severe blood loss from a traumatic injury. Which type of shock is most likely occurring, and what is the primary physiological problem?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock; due to decreased blood volume

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly relates blood flow ($$F$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P / R$$

Question 4

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the bone marrow and liver, and what is its primary characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoid capillary; large gaps and clefts allowing passage of large molecules

Question 5

If a patient’s mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated using a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg, what is the MAP?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 80 + (120 - 80)/3 = 93 mm Hg$$

Question 6

Which vessel type contains the highest proportion of blood volume at any given time?

Accepted Answer

Veins and venules

Question 7

A patient with chronic hypertension is at risk for which of the following complications due to increased afterload?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac output and heart failure

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why blood flow velocity is lowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

The total cross-sectional area of capillaries is greatest, slowing flow.

Question 9

Which hormone increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 10

A patient is found to have a blood pressure of 88/54 mm Hg. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms is most important for the return of venous blood to the heart in the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump

Question 12

Which of the following changes would most effectively decrease total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Increasing blood vessel radius

Question 13

A patient with severe liver disease develops widespread edema. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma protein production, lowering capillary colloid osmotic pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about arterioles?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary site of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, regulating blood flow into capillary beds.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It causes vasoconstriction, increasing total peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Question 16

A patient is exercising vigorously. Which of the following local mechanisms will increase blood flow to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Decreased tissue oxygen and increased metabolic byproducts causing local vasodilation

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pulse pressure ($$PP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$PP = 	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of precapillary sphincters?

Accepted Answer

They regulate blood flow into capillary beds by constricting or relaxing in response to local conditions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood volume by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why anastomoses are important in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They provide alternate routes for blood flow to critical tissues if one pathway is blocked.

Chapter 19: Blood Vessels – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard