Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between matter and energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work and does not have mass or occupy space.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle contractions. Which form of energy is primarily responsible for this physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 3

Which statement about the transformation of energy in the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy conversions are inefficient, and some energy is always lost as heat.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle is responsible for chemical bonding between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Electrons

Question 5

An atom of sodium (Na) loses one electron. What is the resulting charge and name of this ion?

Accepted Answer

It becomes a cation with a positive charge.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 7

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{mol/L}. $$What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their valence shell is complete, so they do not tend to gain, lose, or share electrons.

Question 9

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the following equation: $$\mathrm{AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB}$$?

Accepted Answer

Exchange (displacement) reaction

Question 10

During cellular respiration, glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$oxidized. What does this mean in terms of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Glucose loses electrons.

Question 11

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature by absorbing and releasing heat with little temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and release $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions in solution.

Question 13

A buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions when pH rises and binding $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions when pH falls.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 15

Which statement about organic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain carbon and are usually covalently bonded.

Question 16

What is the main driving force behind atoms forming chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve stability by filling their valence shell with electrons.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in another molecule.

Question 18

If a solution has a pH of 8, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

It is basic (alkaline) and has a lower concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than a neutral solution.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining together to form a protein.

Question 20

Which factor does NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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