Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as that in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope during a PET scan. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this type of diagnostic imaging?

Accepted Answer

They emit subatomic particles and energy as they decay, which can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a mixture rather than a compound?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma with dissolved glucose

Question 4

A solution is prepared by dissolving 18 grams of water ($$H_2O) in $$enough solvent to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$water in this solution? (Molecular weight of $$H_2O = 18 g/$$mol)

Accepted Answer

$$1\ M$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water ($$H_2O) is a $$polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing electrons to spend more time near the oxygen atom, creating a dipole.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that affects the breakdown of glucose. Which type of chemical reaction is primarily involved in the breakdown of glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition (catabolic) reaction

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the Law of Conservation of Energy as it applies to the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy is converted from one form to another, but some is always lost as heat.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and oxygen is reduced to water.

Question 10

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. According to the study materials, what is the expected effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction (within physiological limits)?

Accepted Answer

The rate of reaction increases as temperature increases.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why salts (such as NaCl) are important in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They form crystals that help maintain the structure of bones and teeth.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about mixtures and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical methods to separate.

Question 13

A molecule of carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) is $$described as nonpolar. What is the main reason for this property?

Accepted Answer

The molecule is linear and symmetrical, causing the dipoles to cancel out.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, increasing the rate of reactions without being changed themselves.

Question 15

A solution contains 10 grams of NaCl dissolved in 90 grams of water. What is the percent concentration of NaCl in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for the high surface tension of water.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture in which large particles settle out over time.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the atomic structure of elements?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons are found in orbitals outside the nucleus.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a full valence shell of electrons, usually 8 (the octet rule).

Question 20

A patient is exposed to radon gas in their home. According to the study materials, what is a potential health risk associated with this exposure?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of lung cancer, especially among non-smokers.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard