Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radioisotope for imaging purposes. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this application?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation as they decay, which can be detected to visualize internal structures.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a 'universal solvent' in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 4. What does this indicate about the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration is $$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$ M.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a suspension and a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions have large, unevenly distributed particles that settle out, while colloids have small, evenly distributed particles that do not settle.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.

Question 7

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond, formed by the transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and hydrophobic, so it does not interact with polar water molecules.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 10

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is more acidic than normal, a condition known as acidosis.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be released quickly for cellular processes.

Question 14

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of glucose in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A system that resists changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of water that helps maintain body temperature homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids and its importance in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers that make up cell membranes.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The induced-fit mechanism allows the enzyme to change shape slightly to fit the substrate, ensuring specificity.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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