Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity enables it to dissolve a wide variety of ionic and polar substances.

Question 2

A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following best describes the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

The pH is below 7.35, indicating acidosis.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into hydrogen and hydroxide ions?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Combining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and water.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions.

Question 7

A phospholipid molecule is ideally suited for forming a bilayer in cell membranes because:

Accepted Answer

It contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 10

Which base pairing is correct in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine.

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing the majority of ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Why is ATP hydrolysis considered crucial for cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It releases energy that can be used for cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 14

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a molecule into smaller units by adding water.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a class of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 19

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule made by joining many monomers together.

Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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