Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a surface barrier in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-8

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 3

Which of the following mechanisms is used by natural killer (NK) cells to destroy infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of perforin and granzymes

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of complement proteins in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of antigens in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are substances that trigger the body's adaptive defenses.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Activation, opsonization, membrane attack complex (MAC) formation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 8

Which of the following statements about fever is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fever is caused by pyrogens and helps inhibit pathogen growth.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization is the process by which complement proteins coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes produce antibodies, while T lymphocytes directly kill infected cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the variable region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Binding to a specific antigen

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a class of immunoglobulin (Ig)?

Accepted Answer

IgT

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms is used by antibodies to protect against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and precipitation

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the concentration of antibodies in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$C = \frac{n}{V}$$

Question 15

A patient is exposed to a new pathogen. Which line of defense will respond first?

Accepted Answer

Innate surface barriers

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Accepted Answer

APCs present antigens to T lymphocytes to activate adaptive immunity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the mechanism of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

ADCC involves antibodies binding to target cells and recruiting natural killer cells to destroy them.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are phagocytes that ingest and destroy pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis is the movement of immune cells toward the site of infection in response to chemical signals.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

CRP binds to pathogens and damaged cells to enhance phagocytosis.

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Defenses

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