Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity treats all pathogens the same and is always active, while adaptive immunity recognizes specific pathogens and remembers them.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a new strain of influenza virus. Which immune system component is responsible for the initial, rapid response?

Accepted Answer

Innate immune cells such as neutrophils and natural killer cells

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 4

Dermcidin is an antimicrobial peptide found in sweat. Which statement about dermcidin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dermcidin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide that is part of the innate immune system.

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for killing virally infected or pre-cancerous human cells without phagocytosis or molecular recognition of foreign organisms?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cell

Question 6

A patient develops swelling, redness, heat, and pain at the site of a cut. Which process is responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever causes the liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc, which bacteria need to grow, and increases tissue metabolic rate.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of complement proteins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They form membrane attack complexes to lyse pathogens and enhance phagocytosis via opsonization.

Question 9

A patient with a bacterial infection has elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient has acute inflammation and CRP is assisting complement in opsonization.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about antigens and epitopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each antibody recognizes only one specific epitope, and each antigen can have multiple epitopes.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Accepted Answer

T cell

Question 12

Why do T cells require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for activation, while B cells do not?

Accepted Answer

T cells can only recognize antigens when presented on MHC molecules by APCs, while B cells can bind free antigens directly using their antibodies.

Question 13

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in plasma and is the only class able to cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 14

A newborn receives passive immunity from its mother. Which immunoglobulin is responsible for this protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 15

Which process involves antibodies causing pathogens to clump together, making them easier for phagocytes to remove?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 16

Which immune cell uses perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis in target cells, but only after recognizing antigen presented on MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the activation cascade of complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

$$C_n \rightarrow C_{n,a} + C_{n,b}$$

Question 18

A patient with a parasitic worm infection shows elevated eosinophil counts. What is the primary mechanism by which eosinophils attack these parasites?

Accepted Answer

Release of positively charged antimicrobial peptides that disrupt parasite membranes

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of innate and adaptive immunity working together?

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins (innate) are activated by antibodies (adaptive) bound to a pathogen, leading to opsonization and lysis.

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Overview of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard