Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in diploid cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces haploid gametes for reproduction.

Question 2

During meiosis I, which process increases genetic variability among gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 3

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for both sperm production and secretion of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Testis

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the sustentacular (Sertoli) cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

Form the blood-testis barrier and support spermatogenesis

Question 6

A patient presents with difficulty urinating and elevated PSA levels. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 7

Which hormone directly stimulates Leydig (interstitial) cells to produce testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 8

Which anatomical feature allows the scrotum to regulate the temperature of the testes for optimal sperm production?

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent heat exchange between arteries and veins

Question 9

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by the shedding of the stratum functionalis?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 10

During oogenesis, what is the fate of the polar bodies produced?

Accepted Answer

They degenerate and do not contribute to the embryo

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 12

A woman with a history of multiple sexual partners and HPV infection is at increased risk for which cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cervical cancer

Question 13

Which birth control method works by inhibiting the release of FSH and LH, thus preventing ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Oral contraceptives containing synthetic estrogen and progesterone

Question 14

Which sexually transmitted infection is most commonly asymptomatic but can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women if untreated?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why only one secondary oocyte is typically produced during oogenesis each month?

Accepted Answer

The female reproductive system is optimized to support only one embryo at a time

Question 16

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 17

A man is diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED). Which of the following is a common physical cause?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Question 18

Which feedback mechanism triggers ovulation during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback by estrogen leading to an LH surge

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the prostate gland in semen production?

Accepted Answer

Produces enzymes that dissolve semen clots in the female reproductive tract

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the acrosome in sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Contains enzymes that help penetrate the oocyte during fertilization

Chapter 26: The Reproductive System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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