Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between matter and energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work and does not have mass or occupy space.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle contractions during exercise. Which type of energy transformation is primarily occurring in their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is being transformed into kinetic energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of radiant or electromagnetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light stimulating vitamin D production in the skin.

Question 4

Which element is NOT one of the four that make up 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 5

An atom of lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 3, Mass number: 7

Question 6

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 7

A sodium atom loses one electron to become Na+. What type of ion is formed and what is the charge?

Accepted Answer

Cation, positive charge

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their valence shell is completely filled with electrons.

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Water ($$H_2O) is $$described as a polar molecule. What causes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

Unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms

Question 11

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 12

Which chemical reaction type is represented by the equation $$AB \rightarrow A + B$$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 13

During cellular respiration, glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is broken down to release energy. What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

One atom loses electrons (is oxidized) while another gains electrons (is reduced).

Question 15

A molecule of methane ($$CH_4) $$contains which type of covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 17

If a chemical reaction in the body is endergonic, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The products have more potential energy than the reactants.

Question 18

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 20

A chemical equation is balanced when:

Accepted Answer

The number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

Chapter 2A: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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