Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy that can be released to do work, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion actively being used.

Question 2

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for imaging. Which property of isotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers, allowing some to be unstable and emit radiation.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond to create table salt (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 5

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$described as a polar molecule. What is the main reason for this polarity?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is more electronegative, pulling shared electrons closer and creating partial charges.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about energy in the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy results from the movement of charged particles, such as ions across cell membranes.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom of another molecule.

Question 8

A chemical reaction in the body releases energy and breaks down large molecules into smaller ones. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the valence shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

It is the outermost shell and determines the atom's chemical reactivity.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 11

A patient is suffering from a condition where their cells cannot efficiently convert chemical energy from food into kinetic energy for muscle contraction. Which type of energy transformation is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy to kinetic energy

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by the sharing of two or more valence electrons between atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have full valence shells, making them stable and unreactive.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration, releasing energy.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 16

A molecule of carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) is $$described as nonpolar. What is the main reason for this?

Accepted Answer

The molecule is linear and symmetrical, so the charges are evenly distributed.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is any two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule with at least two different kinds of atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the atomic structure of elements?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number.

Question 19

A student mixes two solutions and observes the formation of a precipitate and the release of heat. Which type of chemical reaction has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

An exergonic reaction

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create a cohesive force at the surface.

Chapter 2A: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard