Q: Which formula correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($$E) $$for an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and cholesterol

Question 2

Which type of membrane protein is primarily responsible for cell-to-cell recognition?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water enters the cell by osmosis

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 5

Which process requires cellular energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions in which direction, and in what ratio, for each ATP molecule hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Binding specific molecules and triggering cellular responses

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water loss

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport into most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is polar and requires a carrier protein to cross the hydrophobic membrane

Question 10

Which formula correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($$E) $$for an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 11

Which type of membrane transport is exemplified by the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 12

Which of the following statements about secondary active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in ion gradients created by primary active transport

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 14

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing extremes in flexibility and rigidity

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of potassium ions (K+) in the generation of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

K+ moves out of the cell, making the inside more negative

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow sodium ions to enter the cell in response to changes in membrane potential

Question 19

Which type of endocytosis is used by cells to take in extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 20

A cell uses a symporter to transport sodium ions and glucose into the cell simultaneously. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Unit (Plasma Membrane Structure and Function)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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