Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible, selectively permeable barrier that separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink (crenate) because water moves out of the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP via aerobic respiration in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer forms the basic structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange into a bilayer with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 5

A patient with severe burns is at risk of losing fluids, proteins, and ions from their damaged cells. Which property of the plasma membrane is compromised in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 6

Which of the following transport processes requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of membrane transport, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport; it moves 3 Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell for each ATP used, maintaining electrochemical gradients.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition and helps the immune system distinguish self from nonself.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the rapid passage of ions and electrical signals between cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; lysis

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptor proteins to bind and internalize particular substances into coated vesicles.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and breaking down bacteria, viruses, and worn-out organelles

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and ribosomes.

Question 16

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and export

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without assistance, while facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier or channel.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of certain cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard