Question 1

Which statement best describes the Cell Theory as it applies to human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of cells, and the activities of an organism depend on both individual and collective cell functions.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA during cell division

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\Pi$$), molarity ($$M$$), the gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T) $$for a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = MRT$$

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production via aerobic respiration in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in against their concentration gradients. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 7

Which type of cell junction prevents substances from passing between adjacent cells, forming a leakproof sheet?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 8

During protein synthesis, which molecule carries the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It modifies and packages proteins for export or insertion into membranes.

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of ingested bacteria and nonfunctional organelles

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cells in the human body can have the same DNA but different functions?

Accepted Answer

Differential gene expression leads to cell differentiation.

Question 12

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 13

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 14

What is the function of telomeres in the context of cell aging?

Accepted Answer

They protect chromosome ends and determine the number of times a cell can divide.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in ionic gradients created by primary active transport to move other substances.

Question 16

A mutation in the P53 gene would most likely result in which cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to loss of cell cycle inhibition

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$ and $$G = C$$

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 20

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of large molecules, such as proteins, out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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