Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for anchoring the skin to underlying structures such as muscles, and also serves as a site for fat absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but only affects the epidermis. According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body surface would be affected if the entire anterior trunk is burned?

Accepted Answer

$$18\%$$

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A biopsy of a skin lesion reveals abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. Which type of skin cancer is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in keratin production would most likely have issues with which function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Barrier protection against physical and chemical assaults

Question 7

Which gland is responsible for producing a secretion that, when broken down by bacteria, leads to body odor and begins functioning at puberty?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 8

If a person has a deficiency in tyrosinase, which pigment will be most affected and what condition might result?

Accepted Answer

Melanin; albinism

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They patrol for foreign substances and activate the immune response.

Question 10

A surgeon makes an incision parallel to cleavage (tension) lines in the skin. What is the primary benefit of this approach?

Accepted Answer

Faster healing and less scarring

Question 11

Which layer of the epidermis contains a single row of stem cells that are highly mitotic and responsible for generating new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 12

A patient with third-degree burns over both legs and one arm would have what percentage of their body affected, according to the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$36\%$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 14

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and plays a major role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 15

A patient presents with a mole that is asymmetric, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter larger than 6 mm. Which skin cancer warning sign is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

ABCDE rule for melanoma

Question 16

Which pigment is most responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin, especially in the palms and soles, and can be converted to vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 17

During cold weather, which physiological response of the skin helps to conserve body heat?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of dermal blood vessels

Question 18

Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 19

A person with a mutation causing defective lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum would most likely experience which problem?

Accepted Answer

Excessive water loss through the skin

Question 20

Which of the following substances can penetrate the skin's physical barrier most easily?

Accepted Answer

Heavy metals such as mercury

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Anatomy & Physiology I Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard