Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D$$_3$$ when exposed to UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin after exposure to extreme cold. Which pigment and physiological process are most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin; reduced oxygenation (cyanosis)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between thin skin and thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin has five layers of keratinocytes, including the stratum lucidum.

Question 4

A surgeon plans an incision along a tension (cleavage) line in the skin. What is the expected outcome compared to a cut made perpendicular to these lines?

Accepted Answer

The incision will remain closed and heal with minimal scarring.

Question 5

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for immune defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Question 6

A patient suffers a third-degree burn on their lower limb. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of their body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$18\%$$

Question 7

Which gland is responsible for producing a secretion that lubricates the hair shaft and inhibits bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 8

If the stratum corneum is damaged, which physiological process is most likely to increase, leading to dehydration risk?

Accepted Answer

Insensible perspiration

Question 9

Which layer of the dermis contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons, and is named for its projections between epidermal ridges?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer

Question 10

A person with albinism has normal numbers of melanocytes. What is the underlying cause of their lack of skin pigmentation?

Accepted Answer

Inability to synthesize melanin

Question 11

Which accessory structure of the skin is responsible for producing a thick, odorous secretion into hair follicles, especially in the armpits and pubic region?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 12

During wound healing, which phase involves the migration of epithelial cells and the formation of granulation tissue?

Accepted Answer

Migration phase

Question 13

Which pigment, found in orange vegetables, can be converted to vitamin A and accumulates in the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 14

A patient receives a subcutaneous injection in the deeper region of the hypodermis. What is the expected pharmacological effect compared to an intradermal injection?

Accepted Answer

Gradual release and slow uptake of the drug

Question 15

Which structure is NOT considered part of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 16

Which type of hair is soft, fine, and covers most of the body surface?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair

Question 17

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin and consists of 2-3 layers of dead keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 18

Which sensory receptor is found in the dermal papillae and is responsible for detecting light touch?

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

Question 19

A patient with severe burns is at increased risk for which of the following complications due to loss of skin integrity?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration, difficulty with thermoregulation, and increased risk of infection

Question 20

Which process best explains how nutrients and oxygen reach the avascular epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion from capillaries in the dermis

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Structure, Function, and Components

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard