Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Based on bone classification, which type of bone is the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis, and what is its main distinguishing feature?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage; contains elastic fibers

Question 4

During bone growth, which process increases the length of long bones, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is formed by the fusion of multiple bone marrow stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of fracture, and what is the underlying cellular activity?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture; increased osteoclast activity

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and functions to lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

A child with vitamin D deficiency is likely to develop which condition, and what is the primary effect on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; abnormal softness of bones

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$] = Ca_{deposited} - Ca_{resorbed}$$

Question 10

Which process describes the formation of bone directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue, and which bones are formed this way?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification; cranial and facial bones

Question 11

A weightlifter develops thickened bone at muscle attachment sites. Which law explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's law

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteons with concentric lamellae surrounding central canals

Question 13

A patient with sustained high blood calcium levels is at risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones due to calcium salt deposits

Question 14

Which bone cell type is mitotically active and responds to stress and fractures by dividing?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 15

Which of the following nutrients is required for calcium absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 16

During fracture healing, which structure forms first at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma

Question 17

Which hormone, released by adipose tissue, may play a role in bone density regulation by inhibiting osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the mineral composition of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{bone} = Ca_3$(PO_4$)_2 + $$CaCO_3$$

Question 19

A patient with Paget's disease is likely to have which abnormal bone feature?

Accepted Answer

Reduced mineralization and haphazard bone growth

Question 20

Which process increases the diameter of the diaphysis and medullary cavity during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Chapter 6: Bone Tissue – Structure, Function, and Classification

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