Q: Which equation correctly represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functional difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system produces rapid, brief, and specific responses, while the endocrine system produces slower, longer-lasting, and more general responses.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium exchange pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for every 2 K+ ions in, maintaining the resting membrane potential.

Question 3

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the precentral gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movement on the right side of the body

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents the area behind the action potential from being re-excited.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature and coordinating the nervous and endocrine systems

Question 8

A person is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be initiated, leading to paralysis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, ACh is released, ACh binds to receptors, ACh is removed by AChE

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows the action potential to jump from node to node, bypassing myelinated regions.

Question 12

A patient has difficulty with balance and fine motor coordination. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neurotransmitter and its typical effect?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine – excitatory

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons and are involved in higher functions such as memory and learning.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the organization of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division prepares the body for emergencies, while the parasympathetic division conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay and processing center for all sensory information except olfaction.

Question 17

A person is unable to form new long-term memories after a head injury. Which brain structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are local changes in membrane potential that decrease with distance from the stimulus.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them.

Chapter 8: The Nervous System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard