Q: Which equation correctly expresses molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a solution in the context of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture where the solute is evenly distributed within the solvent and does not settle out.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous saline solution. Which component acts as the solvent in this mixture?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 3

Which equation correctly expresses molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 4

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable internal body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 5

A buffer system in the blood resists changes in pH by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing or binding $$H^+$$ ions as needed

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why electrolytes are critical for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the movement of charged ions such as $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ across cell membranes, generating electrical signals.

Question 7

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction as it occurs in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of NaCl (molecular weight = 58.5 g/mol) in enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{10}{58.5} = 0.171$$ mol/L

Question 9

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $$H^+$$ ions in solution, causing pH to decrease.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy needed to drive most chemical reactions in the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head.

Question 12

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.1. What is the most likely immediate effect on cellular function?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of enzyme activity and protein structure

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates attached to the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell-to-cell communication

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water is called the 'universal solvent' in the body?

Accepted Answer

It dissolves a wide variety of solutes, enabling transport of nutrients and waste.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of weak acids in buffer systems?

Accepted Answer

They release some, but not all, $$H^+$$ ions in solution.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Saturated triglycerides have only single covalent bonds, while unsaturated triglycerides have one or more double bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 18

A person consumes a meal high in trans fats. Which of the following is a characteristic of trans fats?

Accepted Answer

They are unsaturated fats that have had hydrogen added at double bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ATP is essential for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides the energy required for the interaction of actin and myosin filaments.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural component of cell membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Mixtures, Chemical Reactions, and Macromolecules

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