$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms, while physiology is the study of their normal functioning.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated to restore homeostasis, and why?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, because it reverses the dehydration by increasing water retention.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major element that makes up most of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+.$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules generally do not.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink and dehydrate.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about membrane transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 10

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70 mV. $$Which ions are primarily responsible for maintaining this potential?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+$$ and proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why homeostasis does not mean equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is a dynamic steady state where compartments have varied concentrations and charges.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins into vesicles

Question 13

A patient is given a drug that blocks sodium channels in neurons. What effect will this have on action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be generated because depolarization cannot occur.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the electron transport pathway in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondria and uses NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$generate ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules through the membrane using carrier proteins, without energy input.

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain, protecting neural tissue.

Question 18

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of voluntary movement and balance

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Comprehensive Study Guide: Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

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