Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the laryngeal opening.

Question 2

During internal respiration, in which direction do oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the blood and tissue cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen moves from blood to tissue cells; carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells to blood.

Question 3

Why must the pressure in the pleural cavity be a negative pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) for normal lung function?

Accepted Answer

A negative pleural pressure keeps the lungs expanded against the thoracic wall.

Question 4

Which enzyme chemically digests carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 5

A patient is unable to produce bile. Which digestive process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification and absorption of dietary fats

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the main function of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

To create a concentration gradient in the medulla for water reabsorption

Question 7

Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 8

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the production of urine in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

Question 10

A patient has a blockage at the pyloric sphincter. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Gastric contents will not pass into the duodenum, impairing digestion.

Question 11

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the vasa recta in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the osmotic gradient in the medulla by countercurrent exchange.

Question 13

Which of the following is the main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions ($$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}) in $$plasma

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

It stores and matures sperm cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of labor?

Accepted Answer

Dilation, expulsion, placental

Question 18

Which of the following tissues is derived from the endoderm during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 19

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms would you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to decrease $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ levels

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin more readily in metabolically active tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$, increased temperature, and decreased pH lower hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Ch. 13-16

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