$$\text{Percent (m/v)} = \frac{\text{mass of solute (g)}}{\text{volume of solution (mL)}} \times 100$$

Absorbing excess H\textsuperscript{+} ions when pH drops and releasing H\textsuperscript{+} ions when pH rises.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to low potassium levels. Which of the following best explains how this affects cellular function?

Accepted Answer

Low potassium disrupts the resting membrane potential, impairing nerve and muscle cell excitability.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the concentration of a solution in percent mass/volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent (m/v)} = \frac{	ext{mass of solute (g)}}{	ext{volume of solution (mL)}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules during fasting.

Question 5

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Absorbing excess H	extsuperscript{+} ions when pH drops and releasing H	extsuperscript{+} ions when pH rises.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and potentially burst due to water influx.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Generating electrical impulses for muscle contraction.

Question 10

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides using water.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and connecting other tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na	extsuperscript{+} out and 2 K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining membrane potential.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds have equal sharing.

Question 20

Which of the following factors would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature and enzyme concentration.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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