Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A long bone such as the femur is classified based on its shape. Which of the following bones is NOT considered a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 3

Which statement best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of long bones.

Question 4

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and provides support with flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Endochondral ossification differs from intramembranous ossification in that:

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification involves a cartilage model that is replaced by bone.

Question 6

During longitudinal bone growth at the epiphyseal plate, which zone is responsible for the rapid division of chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by addition of new bone tissue at the surface

Question 8

A patient presents with a greenstick fracture. This type of fracture is most commonly seen in:

Accepted Answer

Children due to their flexible bones

Question 9

Which phase of bone repair involves the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

Callus formation phase

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines

Question 11

Which of the following is a major source of energy for muscle contraction during short, intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis (anaerobic)

Question 12

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The site where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the filaments past each other, shortening the sarcomere

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36ATP$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding motor units in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smaller motor units allow for finer control of muscle contraction

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions in excitation-contraction coupling?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose binding sites on actin

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle contracts involuntarily, while skeletal muscle contracts voluntarily

Question 18

What allows the entire cardiac muscle to beat in a coordinated fashion (syncytium)?

Accepted Answer

Intercalated discs with gap junctions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of aging on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone becomes more brittle due to decreased collagen and mineral content

Question 20

During the cross-bridge cycle in muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after ATP binds to the myosin head?

Accepted Answer

Myosin head detaches from actin

Comprehensive Study Guide: Skeletal and Muscular Systems in Anatomy & Physiology

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