Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It brings the body back to a set point, such as restoring body temperature after exposure to cold.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that lacks a nucleus and does not contain DNA. Which cell type is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why plants and animals have different types of fats?

Accepted Answer

Animals have saturated fats, while plants have unsaturated fats.

Question 4

A patient is unable to detoxify certain toxins and has trouble synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration, and how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38\ ATP$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about dominant and recessive traits is correct?

Accepted Answer

If offspring show only one parent's trait, that trait is dominant.

Question 7

A researcher is studying a tissue with a liquid matrix called plasma. Which tissue type is she examining?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of chaperonins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They help proteins fold into their 3D shape.

Question 9

A mutation in the gene for RNA polymerase would most directly affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why melatonin is important in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is the best scavenger of free radicals formed if the process breaks down.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a flagellum. Which type of human cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the composition of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 13

A scientist is analyzing a solution with a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the number of neutrons.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after an injury

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of anabolism?

Accepted Answer

It builds molecules and uses energy.

Question 18

A geneticist observes that a certain gene is not being expressed in a group of cells. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cells are red blood cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of induction in cell communication and development?

Accepted Answer

It is when one cell releases signals that change neighboring cells.

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that delays neural crest development. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Altered phenotype

Comprehensive Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology Exam Preparation

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