Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

A joint where bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity and are freely movable.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Elbow joint

Question 3

A patient presents with pain and swelling in the knee. Imaging reveals degeneration of articular cartilage. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis

Question 4

Which of the following movements is NOT possible at a ball-and-socket joint?

Accepted Answer

Gliding

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

It provides nutrients and reduces friction between articular cartilages.

Question 6

A suture is an example of which type of joint?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the shoulder joint is more prone to dislocation than the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

The shoulder joint is stabilized mainly by muscles and ligaments, not bone.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, tropomyosin shifts, myosin binds to actin, power stroke occurs.

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between force, lever arm, and torque at a joint?

Accepted Answer

$$T = F \times r$$

Question 10

A patient is unable to extend their elbow after a traumatic injury. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii tendon

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions to initiate contraction.

Question 12

During an isometric contraction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

The muscle length remains the same while tension increases.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between a motor unit and a neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?

Accepted Answer

A motor unit is a group of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron; an NMJ is the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane to trigger an action potential.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a second-class lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The load is between the fulcrum and the effort.

Question 16

A patient with myasthenia gravis has muscle weakness due to antibodies attacking which structure?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of repolarization in a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Efflux of potassium ions out of the cell

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the mechanical advantage (MA) of a lever?

Accepted Answer

$$MA = \frac{effort\ arm}{resistance\ arm}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs shock and reduces friction between bones.

Question 20

A soccer player suffers a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which of the following best describes the function of the ACL?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the knee by preventing anterior displacement of the tibia.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Joints and Muscle Physiology

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