Q: If a person’s tidal volume is 500 mL, inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL, and expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL, what is their vital capacity?

$$VC = 500\ \text{mL} + 3000\ \text{mL} + 1200\ \text{mL} = 4700\ \text{mL}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the right primary bronchus is more likely to receive foreign objects than the left?

Accepted Answer

The right bronchus has a larger diameter and descends at a steeper angle than the left.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic abnormality produces insufficient surfactant. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of alveoli after each exhalation due to increased surface tension.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 1/V$$

Question 4

During an asthma attack, excessive stimulation of which part of the respiratory system can almost completely prevent airflow?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia. Which of the following best describes how pneumonia impairs gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

It causes inflammation and fluid leakage into alveoli, thickening the blood air barrier.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

The effect of pH on hemoglobin’s oxygen saturation curve, caused by CO2.

Question 7

If a person’s tidal volume is 500 mL, inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL, and expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL, what is their vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = 500\ 	ext{mL} + 3000\ 	ext{mL} + 1200\ 	ext{mL} = 4700\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 8

According to Henry’s Law, what happens when the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid increases?

Accepted Answer

The amount of gas dissolved in the liquid increases.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They help moisten, warm, and filter inhaled air.

Question 10

A patient suffers a puncture wound to the chest, resulting in air entering the pleural cavity. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Atelectasis (collapsed lung) due to loss of negative pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased temperature on the oxygen–hemoglobin saturation curve?

Accepted Answer

The curve shifts to the right, and more oxygen is released.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells.

Question 13

Which muscles are primarily responsible for normal quiet inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

The conducting portion moves air to the lungs, while the respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 15

A person’s functional residual capacity (FRC) is the sum of which two pulmonary volumes?

Accepted Answer

Expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the pleura is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pleural fluid lubricates the space between the parietal and visceral layers.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the oxygen partial pressure ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$systemic arterial blood is about 95 mm Hg, even though alveolar $$P_{O_2$} is $$higher?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood from conducting passageways.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of sympathetic activation in the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 20

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Disruption in normal respiratory reflex pattern due to brainstem connection problems

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Respiratory System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard