Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between segmentation and peristalsis in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation mixes intestinal contents by alternating contractions, while peristalsis propels contents forward through coordinated waves.

Question 2

A patient has a deficiency in pancreatic amylase. Which of the following would most likely be impaired as a result?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of starch into maltose in the small intestine

Question 3

Which equation best represents the enzymatic hydrolysis of a disaccharide during carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow 2C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how pancreatic enzymes contribute to the digestion of macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

They hydrolyze proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.

Question 5

A patient with a blocked pancreatic duct is likely to experience which of the following symptoms related to digestion?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates due to lack of digestive enzymes in the small intestine

Question 6

During carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine, which transport mechanism is primarily responsible for moving glucose into enterocytes?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport via sodium-glucose co-transporters

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A bolus of partially digested food is repeatedly divided and mixed with digestive juices, enhancing contact with the mucosa for absorption.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are broken down by pancreatic amylase, disaccharides are hydrolyzed by brush border enzymes, monosaccharides are absorbed into enterocytes.

Question 9

A patient with a genetic defect in the SGLT1 transporter would most likely have difficulty absorbing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and galactose

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of peristalsis in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It propels chyme forward through the intestine via coordinated muscle contractions.

Question 11

If a patient is unable to produce sufficient pancreatic lipase, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired digestion and absorption of dietary fats

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the hydrolysis of a triglyceride by pancreatic lipase?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{57}H$$_{104}$$O_6 + 3H_2O$$ \rightarrow 3C_{17}$$H_{35}$$COOH + C_3H_8O_3$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of the action of brush border enzymes in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of disaccharides to monosaccharides for absorption

Question 14

A patient presents with undigested starch in their stool. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of pancreatic amylase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why segmentation is important for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It increases the contact of chyme with the absorptive surface of the mucosa.

Digestive System: Motility and Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine

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